Hannah Arendt's introduction to her book On Revolution explores the relationship between war and revolution, noting that violence is a common denominator for both. Arendt argues that violence is a marginal phenomenon in the political realm, and a theory of war or revolution can only deal with the justification of violence because this justification constitutes its political limitation. The notion of a state of nature is introduced, which implies the existence of a beginning that is separated from everything following it as though by an unbridgeable chasm. This idea is relevant to the phenomenon of revolution, which often involves violent upheaval and the overthrow of existing political structures.
Arendt also reflects on the historical significance of violence in human affairs, citing examples from biblical and classical antiquity. The first recorded deeds in human history, whether legendary or historical, have often involved violence and crime. The author suggests that this idea of a violent beginning has carried through the centuries with the force of a universally applicable tale, and that the conviction that in the beginning was a crime has possessed as much plausibility for the state of human affairs as the idea that in the beginning was the Word has possessed for the affairs of salvation.
Overall, Arendt's introduction to "On Violence" is a reflection on the relationship between violence, war, revolution, and political theory. It suggests that violence is a powerful force in human affairs, but that it is ultimately limited by political considerations. The notion of a state of nature is introduced as a way of thinking about the beginning of human history and the relationship between violence and political organization.
