Cultural Reader

In the history of "First Philosophy," the term "God" often served as the ultimate guarantor of truth and existence. For...

For Peter Berger, religion was never simply about private belief or abstract theology. It was first and foremost a social phenomenon — somet...

Paul Ricoeur ’s biblical hermeneutics is one of the richest parts of his philosophy. While Ricoeur was not a systematic theologian, he trea...

The Search for Meaning Without Illusion The question that once haunted Dostoevsky, Nietzsche, and Camus—whether one can live a moral, meani...

Bronisław Malinowski (1884–1942) viewed religion not merely as a system of beliefs and rituals but as a psychological and social mechanism f...

In the modern era, religious belief is no longer a product of rigid social structures but has become a private and individual matter. Thomas...

Sociologist Peter Berger argues that religion does not disappear in the modern era—it transforms. At the heart of his analysis lies the phen...

The totem, that pillar with animal figures that stands in the center of the tribe's encampment, is one of the central functions in the e...

Slavoj Žižek offers a unique interpretation of Christianity, arguing that it does not oppose atheism but rather serves as its very condition...

Émile Durkheim (1858–1917), one of the founding figures of sociology, deeply explored how society shapes our experiences, emotions, and beli...

Paul Tillich (1886–1965), a German-American theologian and philosopher, was one of the most influential thinkers of 20th-century Protestant ...

Why do we tell stories? What connects ancient creation myths, modern superhero tales, and political narratives that shape entire nations? Ka...

Émile Durkheim (1858–1917), one of the founding figures of modern sociology, viewed religion as a social phenomenon rather than merely a pri...