Symbolic or symbolic anthropology is a subfield in cultural anthropology that focuses on the analysis of symbols and their interpretation in society. Symbols are defined by this approach as anything that carries a particular meaning, be it an object, gesture, word or image. The study of symbols is essential for understanding society's culture and worldview.
One of the prominent anthropologists in this field is Clifford Geertz, who developed the concept of "thick description" as a method for analyzing symbols and their meanings. A thick description involves interpreting the layers of meaning behind a symbol, taking into account the context in which it is used and the cultural practices associated with it.
What is symbolic anthropology?
Symbolic anthropology looks for the elusive meanings inherent in objects, gestures, words and images that permeate society's culture. It is a discipline that uncovers the layers of meaning hidden beneath the surface of what may seem like everyday phenomena, revealing the complex web of social meanings that shape human experience. Through the study of symbols, anthropologists can gain a deeper understanding of the cultural, social, and political dynamics at work in a given society, and illuminate the diverse ways in which people make sense of their world.
For example, a simple object like a flag can have multiple meanings depending on the context. In the United States, the flag is a symbol of national identity and unity. However, in other contexts, it may represent rebellion or protest. Through thick description, anthropologists can unravel the complex meanings behind symbols and understand how they shape social interactions and cultural practices.
Another example of symbolic anthropology is the study of rituals. Rituals are often symbolic actions that carry deep cultural meanings and significance. By studying the symbols and practices associated with rituals, anthropologists can gain insights into a society's values, beliefs, and social structures.